{"id":10831,"date":"2014-07-30T10:22:12","date_gmt":"2014-07-30T14:22:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ianchadwick.com\/blog\/?p=10831"},"modified":"2014-07-30T10:40:54","modified_gmt":"2014-07-30T14:40:54","slug":"ruthful-funct-and-doleless","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ianchadwick.com\/blog\/ruthful-funct-and-doleless\/","title":{"rendered":"Ruthful, funct and doleless"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>\n<p id=\"pvc_stats_10831\" class=\"pvc_stats all  \" data-element-id=\"10831\" style=\"\"><i class=\"pvc-stats-icon medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" version=\"1.0\" viewBox=\"0 0 502 315\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\"><g transform=\"translate(0,332) scale(0.1,-0.1)\" fill=\"\" stroke=\"none\"><path d=\"M2394 3279 l-29 -30 -3 -207 c-2 -182 0 -211 15 -242 39 -76 157 -76 196 0 15 31 17 60 15 243 l-3 209 -33 29 c-26 23 -41 29 -80 29 -41 0 -53 -5 -78 -31z\"\/><path d=\"M3085 3251 c-45 -19 -58 -50 -96 -229 -47 -217 -49 -260 -13 -295 52 -53 146 -42 177 20 16 31 87 366 87 410 0 70 -86 122 -155 94z\"\/><path d=\"M1751 3234 c-13 -9 -29 -31 -37 -50 -12 -29 -10 -49 21 -204 19 -94 39 -189 45 -210 14 -50 54 -80 110 -80 34 0 48 6 76 34 21 21 34 44 34 59 0 14 -18 113 -40 219 -37 178 -43 195 -70 221 -36 32 -101 37 -139 11z\"\/><path d=\"M1163 3073 c-36 -7 -73 -59 -73 -102 0 -56 133 -378 171 -413 34 -32 83 -37 129 -13 70 36 67 87 -16 290 -86 209 -89 214 -129 231 -35 14 -42 15 -82 7z\"\/><path d=\"M3689 3066 c-15 -9 -33 -30 -42 -48 -48 -103 -147 -355 -147 -375 0 -98 131 -148 192 -74 13 15 57 108 97 206 80 196 84 226 37 273 -30 30 -99 39 -137 18z\"\/><path d=\"M583 2784 c-38 -19 -67 -74 -58 -113 9 -42 211 -354 242 -373 16 -10 45 -18 66 -18 51 0 107 52 107 100 0 39 -1 41 -124 234 -80 126 -108 162 -133 173 -41 17 -61 16 -100 -3z\"\/><path d=\"M4250 2784 c-14 -9 -74 -91 -133 -183 -95 -150 -107 -173 -107 -213 0 -55 33 -94 87 -104 67 -13 90 8 211 198 130 202 137 225 78 284 -27 27 -42 34 -72 34 -22 0 -50 -8 -64 -16z\"\/><path d=\"M2275 2693 c-553 -48 -1095 -270 -1585 -649 -135 -104 -459 -423 -483 -476 -23 -49 -22 -139 2 -186 73 -142 361 -457 571 -626 285 -228 642 -407 990 -497 242 -63 336 -73 660 -74 310 0 370 5 595 52 535 111 1045 392 1455 803 122 121 250 273 275 326 19 41 19 137 0 174 -41 79 -309 363 -465 492 -447 370 -946 591 -1479 653 -113 14 -422 18 -536 8z m395 -428 c171 -34 330 -124 456 -258 112 -119 167 -219 211 -378 27 -96 24 -300 -5 -401 -72 -255 -236 -447 -474 -557 -132 -62 -201 -76 -368 -76 -167 0 -236 14 -368 76 -213 98 -373 271 -451 485 -162 444 86 934 547 1084 153 49 292 57 452 25z m909 -232 c222 -123 408 -262 593 -441 76 -74 138 -139 138 -144 0 -16 -233 -242 -330 -319 -155 -123 -309 -223 -461 -299 l-81 -41 32 46 c18 26 49 83 70 128 143 306 141 649 -6 957 -25 52 -61 116 -79 142 l-34 47 45 -20 c26 -10 76 -36 113 -56z m-2057 25 c-40 -58 -105 -190 -130 -263 -110 -324 -59 -707 132 -981 25 -35 42 -64 37 -64 -19 0 -241 119 -326 174 -188 122 -406 314 -532 468 l-58 71 108 103 c185 178 428 349 672 473 66 33 121 60 123 61 2 0 -10 -19 -26 -42z\"\/><path d=\"M2375 1950 c-198 -44 -350 -190 -395 -379 -18 -76 -8 -221 19 -290 114 -284 457 -406 731 -260 98 52 188 154 231 260 27 69 37 214 19 290 -38 163 -166 304 -326 360 -67 23 -215 33 -279 19z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/i> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" alt=\"Loading\" src=\"https:\/\/ianchadwick.com\/blog\/wp-content\/plugins\/page-views-count\/ajax-loader-2x.gif\" border=0 \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>\n<p><a title=\"Crazy English\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ziggytechblog.com\/2012\/09\/english-is-crazy-or-is-it.html\" target=\"_blank\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright\" src=\"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-1KJfBOWP8U0\/UFMyFId6XuI\/AAAAAAAAA2k\/bbOPCdON6Xo\/s640\/english.jpg\" alt=\"Crazy English\" width=\"300\" \/><\/a><strong>Why can&#8217;t someone be clueful, only clueless?<\/strong> Hapful, not simply hapless? Aweless instead of just awful? Ruthful not merely ruthless? Doleless, not just doleful? Gormful, not just gormless?<\/p>\n<p>We can be thoughtful or thoughtless, careful or careless, mindful and mindless. Why not ruthful and gormful? Why not the qualities of ruthiness, gormliness and doleliness?<\/p>\n<p>Can we be kempt or just unkempt? Couth or just uncouth? Gruntled or just disgruntled? Shevelled or just dishevelled?<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">*<\/span> Maculate or just immaculate? Domitable, or just indomitable? Ruly or just unruly?&nbsp;Can we come ravelled instead of just unravelled? Can we member a corpse instead of just dismember it? Can a Wikipedia entry be an ambiguation rather than a <a< span=\"\"> title=&#8221;Wikipedia&#8221; href=&#8221;http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Disambiguation&#8221; target=&#8221;_blank&#8221;>disambiguation<\/a>?<\/p>\n<p>If we&#8217;re not disappointed are we appointed? If not distressed are we <\/a<>tressed? If not dis<span style=\"color: #202020;\">combobulated are we&nbsp;combobulated? If not nonplussed, are we plussed? If we&#8217;re not&nbsp;impeccable, are we just peccable? Can we be chalant rather than nonchalant? If we don&#8217;t want to dismantle something, can we mantle it? If we don&#8217;t disfigure a painting, do we figure it? If it&#8217;s not inevitable, is it evitable? If an event&nbsp;doesn&#8217;t unnerve us, is it nerving? If it&#8217;s not defunct is it funct? If an online hoax isn&#8217;t debunked, can it be bunked instead?<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Can we be placcable, effable, trepid, ert, ane and feckful? can I rupt the proceedings? Can any love be requited? Can any heroes be sung? If I don&#8217;t dismiss you, do I miss you? If you stop your incessant chatter, does it become cessant? If I&#8217;m not an imbecile in your eyes, am I a becile? Can a tool be wieldy?<\/p>\n<p>Some of these odd-seeming words <em>have<\/em> been in our language, just fallen out of favour or replaced by other terms. Ruthful, the <a title=\"Word Detective\" href=\"http:\/\/www.word-detective.com\/2010\/12\/ruthless\/\" target=\"_blank\">Word Detective<\/a> tells us, was in common use in the 12th until the 14th century, although it hung around as an anachronism until the 19th century.<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">**<\/span> Ruly was coined around 1400 CE, according to <a href=\"http:\/\/www.worldwidewords.org\/articles\/unpaired.htm\" title=\"World Wide Words\" target=\"_blank\">World Wide Words.<\/a> Tools could never be wieldy, but persons could be, in the sense of being nimble (same source). <\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>Hap is (according to <a title=\"David Crystal\" href=\"http:\/\/www.davidcrystal.com\/\" target=\"_blank\">David Crystal<\/a> in his book, <a title=\"Google books\" href=\"http:\/\/books.google.ca\/books\/about\/The_stories_of_English.html?id=pZ94AAAAIAAJ&amp;redir_esc=y\" target=\"_blank\">Stories of English<\/a>), one of the few Scandinavian words that survived in English from the Norse&nbsp;invasions of the British isles, before the first millennium (curiously, the third person pronouns, <em>them, their and they<\/em> are also among the remaining survivors).<\/p>\n<p>Hap meant luck or fortune. It appears as the root of many English words, according to <a title=\"English Exchange\" href=\"http:\/\/english.stackexchange.com\/questions\/36883\/origin-and-evolution-of-hapless\" target=\"_blank\">the English Exchange<\/a>:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<ul>\n<li>happy of course, since good luck brings happiness. This is common in various languages: for instance in German, &#8220;gl\u00fccklich&#8221; means both happy and fortunate.<\/li>\n<li>perhaps: by any chance. There used to be also mayhaps, now archaic.<\/li>\n<li>to happen, here good luck is closer to the more neutral sense of chance.<\/li>\n<li>haphazard, which has a connotation of risk because you leave something to chance.<\/li>\n<li>a mishap, an unlucky accident.<\/li>\n<li>more recently coined words are happenstance (from happening + circumstance) or happenchance.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>I&#8217;m not used to mayhap written as mayhaps. As the <a title=\"grammarphobia blog\" href=\"http:\/\/www.grammarphobia.com\/blog\/2010\/06\/mayhap.html\" target=\"_blank\">Grammarphobia Blog<\/a> points out, mayhap means &#8220;it may hap&#8230;&#8221; or it may come about by chance. Mayhaps seems to be a conflation of mayhap and perhaps. Like when people mistakenly say &#8220;irregardless&#8221; when they mean &#8220;regardless,&#8221; conflating the latter with the prefix &#8220;ir&#8221; as in irresponsible.<\/p>\n<p>What exactly happened to ruth, dole and hap, anyway? Did the other half of themselves disappear, fade away from lack of use? Certainly in the case of ruthful, it did. But most seem to have been coined solitary, antonym-less, with no matching opposite form.<\/p>\n<p>They are &#8220;unpaired negatives.&#8221; They are discussed in the <a title=\"Way With Words\" href=\"http:\/\/www.waywordradio.org\/ruthful\/\" target=\"_blank\">Way With Words podcast<\/a> and on Michael Quinion&#8217;s <a title=\"World Wide Words\" href=\"http:\/\/www.worldwidewords.org\/articles\/unpaired.htm\" target=\"_blank\">World Wide Words<\/a>. <a title=\"Wikipedia\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Unpaired_word\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> has a whole page on &#8220;unpaired words.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Blogger <a title=\"2wheels.org\" href=\"http:\/\/www.2wheels.org.uk\/return\/absent-antonyms.asp\" target=\"_blank\">Edward Genochio<\/a> talks about the absent antonyms, giving a list of some of these unpaired words &#8211; some of which have had antonyms in the past &#8211; including:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<ul>\n<li>Unrequited<\/li>\n<li>Unfathomable<\/li>\n<li>Inordinate<\/li>\n<li>Untrammelled<\/li>\n<li>Untoward<\/li>\n<li>Intact<\/li>\n<li>Infinity (finite, the adjective, is common enough, but I have never seen the presumed abstract noun finity, which ought, were it to exist, to convey the concept of boundedness).<\/li>\n<li>Inept<\/li>\n<li>Nonsensical<\/li>\n<li>Unmissable<\/li>\n<li>Insufferable<\/li>\n<li>Uncouth<\/li>\n<li>*Unspeakable<\/li>\n<li>Unstinting<\/li>\n<li>Unthinkable (thinkable is very rarely found, and then usually in a negative construction such as barely thinkable).<\/li>\n<li>Insomnia<\/li>\n<li>Unperturbed<\/li>\n<li>Indescribably<\/li>\n<li>Ruthless<\/li>\n<li>Ineffable<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>I am a tad surprised he is unfamiliar with perturbed, which he calls &#8220;odd-looking.&#8221; It is a word I use frequently. There&#8217;s a similar list from <a title=\"Reddit\" href=\"http:\/\/www.reddit.com\/r\/explainlikeimfive\/comments\/1zrr1k\/eli5_why_is_nonchalant_a_word_but_chalant_is_not\/\" target=\"_blank\">Reddit<\/a>:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<ul>\n<li>debunk<\/li>\n<li>defenestrate<\/li>\n<li>dejected<\/li>\n<li>disconsolate<\/li>\n<li>disdain<\/li>\n<li>disgruntled<\/li>\n<li>dishevelled<\/li>\n<li>dismayed<\/li>\n<li>disrupt<\/li>\n<li>feckless<\/li>\n<li>gormless<\/li>\n<li>impetuous<\/li>\n<li>impromptu<\/li>\n<li>inane<\/li>\n<li>incessant<\/li>\n<li>inchoate<\/li>\n<li>incognito<\/li>\n<li>incommunicado<\/li>\n<li>indomitable<\/li>\n<li>ineffable<\/li>\n<li>inept<\/li>\n<li>inert<\/li>\n<li>infernal<\/li>\n<li>inhibited<\/li>\n<li>insidious<\/li>\n<li>insipid<\/li>\n<li>insouciant<\/li>\n<li>intact<\/li>\n<li>invert<\/li>\n<li>misgivings<\/li>\n<li>misnomer<\/li>\n<li>nonchalant<\/li>\n<li>noncommittal<\/li>\n<li>nondescript<\/li>\n<li>nonpareil<\/li>\n<li>nonplussed<\/li>\n<li>unbeknownst<\/li>\n<li>ungainly<\/li>\n<li>unswerving<\/li>\n<li>untold<\/li>\n<li>untoward<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Actually, the list is wrong about a few of them: stinting is a common word, as the <a title=\"Merriam Webster\" href=\"http:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/thesaurus\/stinting\" target=\"_blank\">Merriam Webster dictionary site<\/a> tells us. It means &#8220;giving or sharing as little as possible.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Beknownst, while not a proper word, has been used as a <a title=\"English Exchange\" href=\"http:\/\/english.stackexchange.com\/questions\/10234\/what-is-the-meaning-and-usage-of-the-word-beknownst\" target=\"_blank\">back-formation neologism<\/a>&nbsp;and many examples are online.<\/p>\n<p>Gainly may be dialectical (coined around 1300 CE), but it is the pair with ungainly, though seldom used. Souciant is French, meaning worrying. The antonym for inhibited is uninhibited, although it looks like it should be &#8220;hibited.&#8221; Like the opposite of inflammable is <a title=\"Merriam-Webster\" href=\"http:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/uninflammable\" target=\"_blank\">uninflammable<\/a> (or more properly nonflammable). And there is a word &#8220;ordinate&#8221; which derives from the same <a title=\"Dictionary\" href=\"http:\/\/dictionary.reference.com\/browse\/inordinate\" target=\"_blank\">Latin root&nbsp;for order&nbsp;as inordinate<\/a>, but has taken on a meaning <a title=\"Dictionary\" href=\"http:\/\/dictionary.reference.com\/browse\/ordinate\" target=\"_blank\">relating to mathematics<\/a>&nbsp;rather than behaviour or appearance.<\/p>\n<p>Here&#8217;s a wonderful poem I found, called <em>A Very Descript Man<\/em>, that captures this linguistic conundrum beautifully. It was on <a title=\"Phrases.org\" href=\"http:\/\/www.phrases.org.uk\/bulletin_board\/20\/messages\/136.html\" target=\"_blank\">Phrases.org<\/a> and is attributed to J. H. Parker:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>I am such a dolent man,<br \/>\nI eptly work each day;<br \/>\nMy acts are all becilic,<br \/>\nI&#8217;ve just ane things to say.<\/p>\n<p>My nerves are strung, my hair is kempt,<br \/>\nI&#8217;m gusting and I&#8217;m span:<br \/>\nI look with dain on everyone<br \/>\nAnd am a pudent man.<\/p>\n<p>I travel cognito and make<br \/>\nA delible impression:<br \/>\nI overcome a slight chalance,<br \/>\nWith gruntled self-possesion.<\/p>\n<p>My, dignation would be great<br \/>\nIf I should digent be:<br \/>\nI trust my vagance will bring<br \/>\nAn astrous life for me.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Incognito comes from the Latin verb, cogitare &#8211; to know. Cognito is the perfect participle (Caesaris adventu cognito &#8211; When the arrival of Caesar had become known&#8230;). It again is a back-formation neologism you can find in use online.<\/p>\n<p>Some of these words above look like they can be deconstructed into discrete parts, but they really can&#8217;t: one or more part has no meaning outside from the whole word. It may never have, or the meaning has been lost. Take a gander at <a title=\"Cranberry Morpehemes\" href=\"http:\/\/fredrikdeboer.com\/2012\/02\/12\/unpaired-words-and-cranberry-morphemes\/\" target=\"_blank\">this blog post about cranberry morphemes<\/a>.&nbsp;Also called cranberry morphs, these are parts of words that look like they should be able to stand alone, but cannot, like the &#8220;ceive&#8221; in perceive, &#8220;twi&#8221; in twilight and &#8220;cran&#8221; in cranberry.<\/p>\n<p><a title=\"Language lab\" href=\"http:\/\/langlitlab.ca\/news\/cranberry-morphemes\/\" target=\"_blank\">This site<\/a> describes it as a &#8220;a bound morpheme that has no independent meaning or grammatical function. That is, it cannot stand on its own (bound), and by itself, it doesn\u2019t mean or do anything.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>English is really a lot of fun, despite its apparent contrariness.<\/p>\n<p><strong>~~~~~<\/strong><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">*<\/span> Shevelled is a <a title=\"Rice university\" href=\"http:\/\/neologisms.rice.edu\/index.php?a=term&amp;d=1&amp;t=6941\" target=\"_blank\">recent neologism<\/a> according to this site but says it hasn&#8217;t caught on. However, I recall it being used sardonically as far back as the late 1960s and&nbsp;early 70s. In the same vein, we used peccable, kempt and ruly.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">**<\/span> Ruth in ruthless has nothing to do with the Biblical Ruth. It comes from <a title=\"Word Detective\" href=\"http:\/\/www.word-detective.com\/2010\/12\/ruthless\/\" target=\"_blank\">a Middle English word<\/a> reuthe (or sometimes ruthe) meaning pity or compassion.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>\n<p id=\"pvc_stats_10831\" class=\"pvc_stats all  \" data-element-id=\"10831\" style=\"\"><i class=\"pvc-stats-icon medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" version=\"1.0\" viewBox=\"0 0 502 315\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\"><g transform=\"translate(0,332) scale(0.1,-0.1)\" fill=\"\" stroke=\"none\"><path d=\"M2394 3279 l-29 -30 -3 -207 c-2 -182 0 -211 15 -242 39 -76 157 -76 196 0 15 31 17 60 15 243 l-3 209 -33 29 c-26 23 -41 29 -80 29 -41 0 -53 -5 -78 -31z\"\/><path d=\"M3085 3251 c-45 -19 -58 -50 -96 -229 -47 -217 -49 -260 -13 -295 52 -53 146 -42 177 20 16 31 87 366 87 410 0 70 -86 122 -155 94z\"\/><path d=\"M1751 3234 c-13 -9 -29 -31 -37 -50 -12 -29 -10 -49 21 -204 19 -94 39 -189 45 -210 14 -50 54 -80 110 -80 34 0 48 6 76 34 21 21 34 44 34 59 0 14 -18 113 -40 219 -37 178 -43 195 -70 221 -36 32 -101 37 -139 11z\"\/><path d=\"M1163 3073 c-36 -7 -73 -59 -73 -102 0 -56 133 -378 171 -413 34 -32 83 -37 129 -13 70 36 67 87 -16 290 -86 209 -89 214 -129 231 -35 14 -42 15 -82 7z\"\/><path d=\"M3689 3066 c-15 -9 -33 -30 -42 -48 -48 -103 -147 -355 -147 -375 0 -98 131 -148 192 -74 13 15 57 108 97 206 80 196 84 226 37 273 -30 30 -99 39 -137 18z\"\/><path d=\"M583 2784 c-38 -19 -67 -74 -58 -113 9 -42 211 -354 242 -373 16 -10 45 -18 66 -18 51 0 107 52 107 100 0 39 -1 41 -124 234 -80 126 -108 162 -133 173 -41 17 -61 16 -100 -3z\"\/><path d=\"M4250 2784 c-14 -9 -74 -91 -133 -183 -95 -150 -107 -173 -107 -213 0 -55 33 -94 87 -104 67 -13 90 8 211 198 130 202 137 225 78 284 -27 27 -42 34 -72 34 -22 0 -50 -8 -64 -16z\"\/><path d=\"M2275 2693 c-553 -48 -1095 -270 -1585 -649 -135 -104 -459 -423 -483 -476 -23 -49 -22 -139 2 -186 73 -142 361 -457 571 -626 285 -228 642 -407 990 -497 242 -63 336 -73 660 -74 310 0 370 5 595 52 535 111 1045 392 1455 803 122 121 250 273 275 326 19 41 19 137 0 174 -41 79 -309 363 -465 492 -447 370 -946 591 -1479 653 -113 14 -422 18 -536 8z m395 -428 c171 -34 330 -124 456 -258 112 -119 167 -219 211 -378 27 -96 24 -300 -5 -401 -72 -255 -236 -447 -474 -557 -132 -62 -201 -76 -368 -76 -167 0 -236 14 -368 76 -213 98 -373 271 -451 485 -162 444 86 934 547 1084 153 49 292 57 452 25z m909 -232 c222 -123 408 -262 593 -441 76 -74 138 -139 138 -144 0 -16 -233 -242 -330 -319 -155 -123 -309 -223 -461 -299 l-81 -41 32 46 c18 26 49 83 70 128 143 306 141 649 -6 957 -25 52 -61 116 -79 142 l-34 47 45 -20 c26 -10 76 -36 113 -56z m-2057 25 c-40 -58 -105 -190 -130 -263 -110 -324 -59 -707 132 -981 25 -35 42 -64 37 -64 -19 0 -241 119 -326 174 -188 122 -406 314 -532 468 l-58 71 108 103 c185 178 428 349 672 473 66 33 121 60 123 61 2 0 -10 -19 -26 -42z\"\/><path d=\"M2375 1950 c-198 -44 -350 -190 -395 -379 -18 -76 -8 -221 19 -290 114 -284 457 -406 731 -260 98 52 188 154 231 260 27 69 37 214 19 290 -38 163 -166 304 -326 360 -67 23 -215 33 -279 19z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/i> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" alt=\"Loading\" src=\"https:\/\/ianchadwick.com\/blog\/wp-content\/plugins\/page-views-count\/ajax-loader-2x.gif\" border=0 \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>\n<p>Why can&#8217;t someone be clueful, only clueless? Hapful, not simply hapless? Aweless instead of just awful? Ruthful not merely ruthless? Doleless, not just doleful? Gormful, not just gormless? We can be thoughtful or thoughtless, careful or careless, mindful and mindless. Why not ruthful and gormful? Why not the qualities of ruthiness, gormliness and doleliness? Can we be kempt or just unkempt? Couth or just uncouth? Gruntled or just disgruntled? Shevelled or just dishevelled?* Maculate or just immaculate? Domitable, or just indomitable? Ruly or just unruly?&nbsp;Can we come ravelled instead of just unravelled? Can we member a corpse instead of just \u2026&#8230;&#8230; click below for more \u2193<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[8,73,445,452],"tags":[406,75,147,245,134],"class_list":["post-10831","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-books","category-language-grammar","category-style-usage","category-words-etymology","tag-books-reviews","tag-language","tag-reading","tag-words","tag-writing"],"a3_pvc":{"activated":true,"total_views":10279,"today_views":0},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ianchadwick.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10831","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ianchadwick.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ianchadwick.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ianchadwick.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ianchadwick.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10831"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/ianchadwick.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10831\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10841,"href":"https:\/\/ianchadwick.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10831\/revisions\/10841"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ianchadwick.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10831"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ianchadwick.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10831"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ianchadwick.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10831"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}