{"id":34223,"date":"2026-01-22T11:54:00","date_gmt":"2026-01-22T16:54:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ianchadwick.com\/blog\/?p=34223"},"modified":"2026-02-04T07:53:34","modified_gmt":"2026-02-04T12:53:34","slug":"where-is-john-pym-now-that-we-need-him","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ianchadwick.com\/blog\/where-is-john-pym-now-that-we-need-him\/","title":{"rendered":"Where is John Pym Now That We Need Him?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>\n<p id=\"pvc_stats_34223\" class=\"pvc_stats all  \" data-element-id=\"34223\" style=\"\"><i class=\"pvc-stats-icon medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" version=\"1.0\" viewBox=\"0 0 502 315\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\"><g transform=\"translate(0,332) scale(0.1,-0.1)\" fill=\"\" stroke=\"none\"><path d=\"M2394 3279 l-29 -30 -3 -207 c-2 -182 0 -211 15 -242 39 -76 157 -76 196 0 15 31 17 60 15 243 l-3 209 -33 29 c-26 23 -41 29 -80 29 -41 0 -53 -5 -78 -31z\"\/><path d=\"M3085 3251 c-45 -19 -58 -50 -96 -229 -47 -217 -49 -260 -13 -295 52 -53 146 -42 177 20 16 31 87 366 87 410 0 70 -86 122 -155 94z\"\/><path d=\"M1751 3234 c-13 -9 -29 -31 -37 -50 -12 -29 -10 -49 21 -204 19 -94 39 -189 45 -210 14 -50 54 -80 110 -80 34 0 48 6 76 34 21 21 34 44 34 59 0 14 -18 113 -40 219 -37 178 -43 195 -70 221 -36 32 -101 37 -139 11z\"\/><path d=\"M1163 3073 c-36 -7 -73 -59 -73 -102 0 -56 133 -378 171 -413 34 -32 83 -37 129 -13 70 36 67 87 -16 290 -86 209 -89 214 -129 231 -35 14 -42 15 -82 7z\"\/><path d=\"M3689 3066 c-15 -9 -33 -30 -42 -48 -48 -103 -147 -355 -147 -375 0 -98 131 -148 192 -74 13 15 57 108 97 206 80 196 84 226 37 273 -30 30 -99 39 -137 18z\"\/><path d=\"M583 2784 c-38 -19 -67 -74 -58 -113 9 -42 211 -354 242 -373 16 -10 45 -18 66 -18 51 0 107 52 107 100 0 39 -1 41 -124 234 -80 126 -108 162 -133 173 -41 17 -61 16 -100 -3z\"\/><path d=\"M4250 2784 c-14 -9 -74 -91 -133 -183 -95 -150 -107 -173 -107 -213 0 -55 33 -94 87 -104 67 -13 90 8 211 198 130 202 137 225 78 284 -27 27 -42 34 -72 34 -22 0 -50 -8 -64 -16z\"\/><path d=\"M2275 2693 c-553 -48 -1095 -270 -1585 -649 -135 -104 -459 -423 -483 -476 -23 -49 -22 -139 2 -186 73 -142 361 -457 571 -626 285 -228 642 -407 990 -497 242 -63 336 -73 660 -74 310 0 370 5 595 52 535 111 1045 392 1455 803 122 121 250 273 275 326 19 41 19 137 0 174 -41 79 -309 363 -465 492 -447 370 -946 591 -1479 653 -113 14 -422 18 -536 8z m395 -428 c171 -34 330 -124 456 -258 112 -119 167 -219 211 -378 27 -96 24 -300 -5 -401 -72 -255 -236 -447 -474 -557 -132 -62 -201 -76 -368 -76 -167 0 -236 14 -368 76 -213 98 -373 271 -451 485 -162 444 86 934 547 1084 153 49 292 57 452 25z m909 -232 c222 -123 408 -262 593 -441 76 -74 138 -139 138 -144 0 -16 -233 -242 -330 -319 -155 -123 -309 -223 -461 -299 l-81 -41 32 46 c18 26 49 83 70 128 143 306 141 649 -6 957 -25 52 -61 116 -79 142 l-34 47 45 -20 c26 -10 76 -36 113 -56z m-2057 25 c-40 -58 -105 -190 -130 -263 -110 -324 -59 -707 132 -981 25 -35 42 -64 37 -64 -19 0 -241 119 -326 174 -188 122 -406 314 -532 468 l-58 71 108 103 c185 178 428 349 672 473 66 33 121 60 123 61 2 0 -10 -19 -26 -42z\"\/><path d=\"M2375 1950 c-198 -44 -350 -190 -395 -379 -18 -76 -8 -221 19 -290 114 -284 457 -406 731 -260 98 52 188 154 231 260 27 69 37 214 19 290 -38 163 -166 304 -326 360 -67 23 -215 33 -279 19z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/i> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" alt=\"Loading\" src=\"https:\/\/ianchadwick.com\/blog\/wp-content\/plugins\/page-views-count\/ajax-loader-2x.gif\" border=0 \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/artuk.org\/discover\/artworks\/john-pym-15841643-mp-213714\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/d3d00swyhr67nd.cloudfront.net\/w1200h1200\/collection\/POW\/POW\/POW_POW_7114-001.jpg\" alt=\"John Pym; 1584-1643\" width=\"300\" \/><\/a><span class=\"dropcap\">J<\/span><strong>ohn Pym is the sort of hero we need these days;<\/strong> a politician who risked his life and liberty to stand up against the abuse of power by a king who believed it was his divine right to rule as he saw fit. And in opposing the arbitrary, expensive, and sometimes destructive acts of his king, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/John_Pym\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">John Pym<\/a> became one of the leaders of the opposition against the crown, whose words and deeds eventually sparked the English Civil War. His actions helped lay the foundations of English parliamentary democracy and governance.<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>*<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Pym was also one of the authors of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Grand_Remonstrance\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the Grand Remonstrance<\/a>, a document presented to <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charles_I_of_England\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Charles 1<\/a> in December 1641. As Wikipedia notes, this paper, &#8220;&#8230;summarised all of Parliament&#8217;s opposition to Charles&#8217;s foreign, financial, legal and religious policies, setting forth 204 separate points of objection and calling for the expulsion of all bishops from Parliament, a purge of officials, with Parliament having a right of veto over Crown appointments, and an end to sale of land confiscated from Irish rebels.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Charles was deeply offended that anyone would dare stand up to him, and rejected the document. He later <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Five_Members\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">attempted to have Pym and four others arrested<\/a> on the false claim that they had encouraged Scotland to invade England and were trying to turn the people against him. Just like Trump, trying to intimidate and harm his political opponents.<\/p>\n<p>The wannabe dictator Donald Trump has a lot in common with Charles 1. Both believe they have the right to govern as they see fit, without recourse to bothersome democratic institutions.<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>**<\/strong><\/span> For example:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Charles levied taxes without the approval of Parliament; Trump levied taxes (tariffs) without the approval of Congress.<\/li>\n<li>Trump pandered to pseudo-Christians (aka Christian Nationalists, aka Talibangelists, aka Christofascists) and gave several of them Cabinet positions (Pete Hegseth, for example); Charles religious policies were arbitrary, sometimes pro-Catholic, sometimes pro-high Anglican, offending pretty much everyone in Puritan England, and Scotland and Ireland.<\/li>\n<li>Charles waged war without Parliament&#8217;s consent; Trump invaded Venezuela and had people in boats murdered without any due process of law to justify it.<\/li>\n<li>Charles failed to support England&#8217;s Protestant allies in the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thirty_Years%27_War\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Thirty Years&#8217; War<\/a>; Trump failed to support Ukraine and has threatened US allies over his desire to invade Greenland and Canada.<\/li>\n<li>Charles reconciled with Spain, England&#8217;s enemy; Trump has reconciled with Russia, the USA&#8217;s enemy (and is particularly friendly with its autocratic leader, Vladimir Putin).<\/li>\n<li>Charles imposed &#8220;forced loans&#8221; on his opponents and imprisoned those who would not pay; Trump requires visitors to give him gifts (like Machado&#8217;s Nobel Peace Prize), bullied companies like Nvidia to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fool.com\/investing\/2025\/08\/11\/nvda-stock-china-ai-chips\/?msockid=1eb2977edf1f6e213fca8395deef6fdd\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">&#8220;donate&#8221; 15% of their profits of chip sales<\/a> to the US (aka him), and took the money he stole from sales of Venezuelan oil and stuck it in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/americas\/us-politics\/trump-venezuela-oil-revenue-qatar-bank-b2901312.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">an offshore account in Qatar<\/a> where no elected US official has access to it.<\/li>\n<li>Charles <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Petition_of_Right\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">imposed martial law in 1628<\/a>, &#8220;forcing private citizens to feed, clothe and accommodate soldiers and sailors, which implied the king could deprive any individual of property, or freedom, without justification;&#8221; Trump has imposed his taxpayer-funded gangster ICE (and National Guard) to terrorize and kidnap citizens in cities and states run by politicians he doesn&#8217;t like or who have opposed him.<\/li>\n<li>Charles claimed he had the right to decide whether to detain someone. Trump had <a href=\"https:\/\/www.firstpost.com\/world\/maduro-in-us-custody-was-maduro-kidnapped-or-captured-by-the-us-13966090-13966090.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the president of Venezuela (Nicolas Maduro) and his wife kidnapped and jailed<\/a> without due process of law or approval of Congress.<\/li>\n<li>Charles dissolved Parliament for eight years and ruled without it; Trump simply ignores elected officials in both houses.<\/li>\n<li>Charles pardoned two clergymen who Parliament censured for publishing sermons supporting the divine right of kings and passive obedience to royalty. Trump pardoned crypto criminals who donated to his campaigns, pardoned violent January rioters who attempted to overthrow the US government in his favour, pardoned Trump-friendly fraudsters, and the drugs-and-arms-dealing ex-president of Honduras, among others.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charles_I_of_England\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikipedia<\/a> also notes the distrust of the king was not confined to Parliament, but had spread among the general population, similar to how most of the American public distrusts Trump today:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Many of his subjects opposed his [Charles I&#8217;s] policies, in particular the levying of taxes without Parliamentary consent, and perceived his actions as those of a tyrannical absolute monarch. His religious policies, coupled with his marriage to a Catholic, generated antipathy and mistrust from Reformed religious groups&#8230;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Like how Trump treats his opponents \u2014 through vindictive lawsuits, bullying, threats, and coercion \u2014 Charles had his opponents arrested and jailed. After Charles rejected the Great Remonstrance, in early January, 1642, he attempted to &#8220;arrest the <a title=\"Five Members\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Five_Members\">Five Members<\/a>, one of whom was Pym.&#8221; But, forewarned a few hours before the 300-400 armed troops arrived with the king, they fled into the city of London. The king demanded the City of London surrender the fugitives, and marched with his armed troops in person to the Guildhall, and again demanded the City officers hand them over. Unbowed by the show of force, &#8220;the City officers declared their support for parliament, as did the regiments of the Inns of Court.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Not entirely unlike Trump&#8217;s use of the National Guard and the gangsters of ICE in his attempt to kidnap people from the streets and intimidate those cities and the political leaders (especially those Democrats in power) into subservience. Unlike Charles, Trump lacks the courage to appear in person, however. Never forget how he avoided the draft by alleging to have &#8220;bone spurs.&#8221; At least Charles had the spine to show up in person.<\/p>\n<p>More from Wikipedia:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>The next day the Five Members came out of their hiding place in the City, and travelled by barge back to parliament accompanied by a regatta of decorated craft, and cheering citizens. The king had lost the support of the people of London.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>The result of this debacle was that the House of Commons issued a public denunciation of the king&#8217;s intrusion into Parliament with his armed soldiers, calling it &#8220;a high breach of the rights and privileges of parliament, and inconsistent with the liberties and freedoms thereof.&#8221;<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>It declared the king&#8217;s order to the City to seize the Five Members to have no basis in law, and announced that any person doing so would be guilty of breach of privilege of parliament and deemed a public enemy of the Commonwealth. Any person harbouring the five, on the other hand, should have parliamentary protection.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Would that more US governors and mayors issued similar declarations against the intrusions of the Trump Brownshirts known as ICE, and took more concrete action. Not merely huff and puff about how terrible and illegal the intrusions are.<\/p>\n<p>Parliament demanded the king transfer control of the army from him to Parliament. After he refused,\u00a0 parliament passed the law anyway. The king fled London with his supporters, effectively, leaving the city in control of the Parliamentarians and taking the first step towards civil war.<\/p>\n<p>Initially, the Royalists were successful militarily, but in mid-1643, as the Parliamentarian cause seemed close to collapse, Pym stepped in and ensured their army had the financial support and resources necessary to continue. He also got Scotland to agree to support their cause. Pym also got Parliament to fund the Scots, and an army of about 11,000 of them intervened on the Parliamentarian side. That helped turn the tide in Parliament&#8217;s favour.<\/p>\n<p>Pym himself died of cancer shortly at the end of 1643, probably of cancer. He was buried in Westminster Abbey, but after the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stuart_Restoration\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Stuart Restoration<\/a>, a vindictive, petty King Charles II had the remains exhumed in 1660 and re-buried in a common pit at St Margaret&#8217;s.<\/p>\n<p>Of course, the English Civil War is a lot more complicated and convoluted than just these few paragraphs can explain. There are entire books written just about the religious aspects, the military aspects, the social, the sieges, and the political aspects of the period of the three wars. But it did have some real heroes who stood up to the king and his attempt to impose absolute authority on the nation, just as Trump is doing to the USA today. John Pym was one of the heroes who stood up against autocracy, stood for democracy, and the rights of Parliament.<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>***<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Would that there were similar heroes in the US Congress or Senate today. Yes, several of them have spoken out, sometimes even bravely critical of the erratic dictator in the White House, but their umbrage is paper-thin, and not backed by any demonstrative action beyond verbiage. The world is still waiting for a real hero to emerge and lead the nation back to democracy.<\/p>\n<h5>Notes:<\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>*<\/strong><\/span> Pym was a moderate, not a radical. He and most of those around him did not intend to overthrow the king: they wanted to ensure a constitutional monarchy in which the king&#8217;s powers were constrained by Parliament. In fact, Pym wanted nothing to do with the more radical Henry Marten who wanted to end the monarchy entirely. As <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Henry_Marten_(regicide)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikipedia<\/a> notes:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>[Pym] orchestrated the expulsion of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Henry_Marten_(regicide)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Henry Marten<\/a>, a fellow Parliamentarian known for his radical views and outspoken criticism of the monarchy. Marten had publicly advocated for the deposition of King Charles I, a stance deemed too extreme by many in Parliament. Pym seized upon this opportunity to remove Marten [in 1643], demonstrating his commitment to maintaining a more moderate and unified Parliamentarian front. Historian David Como believes this manoeuvre underscores Pym&#8217;s political acumen and his influence within Parliament during this critical period.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Marten was imprisoned in the Tower of London for &#8220;expressing the view that the royal family should be extirpated and monarchy brought to an end.&#8221; But he was released in 1644 and took direct part in the war on the Parliamentarian side. He returned to Parliament in early 1646, where he again advocated extreme republican views. Marten was arrested in 1660 as a regicide and found guilty, but given internal exile instead of the death penalty. He died in exile in 1680.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>**<\/strong><\/span> In the introduction to <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikiquote.org\/wiki\/English_Civil_War\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Charles I in 1646: Letters of King Charles the First to Queen Henrietta Maria<\/a><\/em> (1968, p. viii-ix), editor John Bruce wrote this description of the king, most of which would be a suitable description of Donald Trump&#8217;s behaviour and views about his rule in 2026 (emphasis added):<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong>He believed that the machine of\u00a0government\u00a0could not act without him; that if he could only keep the public affairs long enough in the condition of dead-lock to which they were reduced, his enemies would be wearied, or would be forced by the people, into yielding to his terms.<\/strong> His mind was as full as ever of the most exalted notions of the sacred and indefeasible character of his royal authority. All who opposed him were, in his estimation, wicked rebel whom\u00a0God\u00a0would judge. It was his place to govern, and that of his people to submit. His sins of misgovernment never occurred to him. Regret that for many years his course of action had been totally wanting in the kingly virtues of justice and fair dealing never entered his mind. It never troubled him that he had sought to govern in defiance of his own concessions, in opposition to the even then acknowledged principles of the constitution, and in breach of his coronation oath. The only things which grieved him were his concessions to the popular fury which himself had roused. While such was Charles&#8217; state of mind, peace was out of the question. On the side of parliament, it was clearly seen that when a king sets up his standard against his people, he must conquer or submit; and that if, having failed to conquer, he refuses to submit, he must be deposed. To have yielded to him on the ultimate points of the contest, would have been to have relinquished the fruits of the warfare in which parliament had been victorious. What then was to be done? Simply to<strong> follow him through a succession of messages and answers, until it became apparent to the people that the country must be governed without him.<\/strong> That was the course for parliament, but what remained for the king? Nothing but to fall back upon his old course of intrigue.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>***<\/strong><\/span> More properly, wars, since there were three outbreaks of conflict between 1642 and 1651. From <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikiquote.org\/wiki\/English_Civil_War\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikiquote<\/a>:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>The\u00a0<b><a class=\"extiw\" title=\"w:English Civil War\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/English_Civil_War\">English Civil War<\/a><\/b>\u00a0(1642\u20131651) was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians (&#8220;<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"w:Roundhead\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Roundhead\">Roundheads<\/a>&#8220;) and Royalists (&#8220;<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"w:Cavalier\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cavalier\">Cavaliers<\/a>&#8220;) over, principally, the manner of England&#8217;s government.\u00a0The\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"w:First English Civil War\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/First_English_Civil_War\">first<\/a>\u00a0(1642\u201346) and\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"w:Second English Civil War\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Second_English_Civil_War\">second<\/a>\u00a0(1648\u201349) wars pitted the supporters of\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"w:Charles I of England\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charles_I_of_England\">King Charles I<\/a>\u00a0against the supporters of the\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"w:Long Parliament\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Long_Parliament\">Long Parliament<\/a>, while the\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"w:Third English Civil War\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Third_English_Civil_War\">third<\/a>\u00a0(1649\u201351) saw fighting between supporters of\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"w:Charles II of England\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charles_II_of_England\">King Charles II<\/a>\u00a0and supporters of the\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"w:Rump Parliament\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rump_Parliament\">Rump Parliament<\/a>. The war ended with the Parliamentarian victory at the\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"w:Battle of Worcester\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Worcester\">Battle of Worcester<\/a>\u00a0on 3 September 1651.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Words: <span class=\"sbs-number-words\">2,091<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>\n<p id=\"pvc_stats_34223\" class=\"pvc_stats all  \" data-element-id=\"34223\" style=\"\"><i class=\"pvc-stats-icon medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" version=\"1.0\" viewBox=\"0 0 502 315\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\"><g transform=\"translate(0,332) scale(0.1,-0.1)\" fill=\"\" stroke=\"none\"><path d=\"M2394 3279 l-29 -30 -3 -207 c-2 -182 0 -211 15 -242 39 -76 157 -76 196 0 15 31 17 60 15 243 l-3 209 -33 29 c-26 23 -41 29 -80 29 -41 0 -53 -5 -78 -31z\"\/><path d=\"M3085 3251 c-45 -19 -58 -50 -96 -229 -47 -217 -49 -260 -13 -295 52 -53 146 -42 177 20 16 31 87 366 87 410 0 70 -86 122 -155 94z\"\/><path d=\"M1751 3234 c-13 -9 -29 -31 -37 -50 -12 -29 -10 -49 21 -204 19 -94 39 -189 45 -210 14 -50 54 -80 110 -80 34 0 48 6 76 34 21 21 34 44 34 59 0 14 -18 113 -40 219 -37 178 -43 195 -70 221 -36 32 -101 37 -139 11z\"\/><path d=\"M1163 3073 c-36 -7 -73 -59 -73 -102 0 -56 133 -378 171 -413 34 -32 83 -37 129 -13 70 36 67 87 -16 290 -86 209 -89 214 -129 231 -35 14 -42 15 -82 7z\"\/><path d=\"M3689 3066 c-15 -9 -33 -30 -42 -48 -48 -103 -147 -355 -147 -375 0 -98 131 -148 192 -74 13 15 57 108 97 206 80 196 84 226 37 273 -30 30 -99 39 -137 18z\"\/><path d=\"M583 2784 c-38 -19 -67 -74 -58 -113 9 -42 211 -354 242 -373 16 -10 45 -18 66 -18 51 0 107 52 107 100 0 39 -1 41 -124 234 -80 126 -108 162 -133 173 -41 17 -61 16 -100 -3z\"\/><path d=\"M4250 2784 c-14 -9 -74 -91 -133 -183 -95 -150 -107 -173 -107 -213 0 -55 33 -94 87 -104 67 -13 90 8 211 198 130 202 137 225 78 284 -27 27 -42 34 -72 34 -22 0 -50 -8 -64 -16z\"\/><path d=\"M2275 2693 c-553 -48 -1095 -270 -1585 -649 -135 -104 -459 -423 -483 -476 -23 -49 -22 -139 2 -186 73 -142 361 -457 571 -626 285 -228 642 -407 990 -497 242 -63 336 -73 660 -74 310 0 370 5 595 52 535 111 1045 392 1455 803 122 121 250 273 275 326 19 41 19 137 0 174 -41 79 -309 363 -465 492 -447 370 -946 591 -1479 653 -113 14 -422 18 -536 8z m395 -428 c171 -34 330 -124 456 -258 112 -119 167 -219 211 -378 27 -96 24 -300 -5 -401 -72 -255 -236 -447 -474 -557 -132 -62 -201 -76 -368 -76 -167 0 -236 14 -368 76 -213 98 -373 271 -451 485 -162 444 86 934 547 1084 153 49 292 57 452 25z m909 -232 c222 -123 408 -262 593 -441 76 -74 138 -139 138 -144 0 -16 -233 -242 -330 -319 -155 -123 -309 -223 -461 -299 l-81 -41 32 46 c18 26 49 83 70 128 143 306 141 649 -6 957 -25 52 -61 116 -79 142 l-34 47 45 -20 c26 -10 76 -36 113 -56z m-2057 25 c-40 -58 -105 -190 -130 -263 -110 -324 -59 -707 132 -981 25 -35 42 -64 37 -64 -19 0 -241 119 -326 174 -188 122 -406 314 -532 468 l-58 71 108 103 c185 178 428 349 672 473 66 33 121 60 123 61 2 0 -10 -19 -26 -42z\"\/><path d=\"M2375 1950 c-198 -44 -350 -190 -395 -379 -18 -76 -8 -221 19 -290 114 -284 457 -406 731 -260 98 52 188 154 231 260 27 69 37 214 19 290 -38 163 -166 304 -326 360 -67 23 -215 33 -279 19z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/i> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" alt=\"Loading\" src=\"https:\/\/ianchadwick.com\/blog\/wp-content\/plugins\/page-views-count\/ajax-loader-2x.gif\" border=0 \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>\n<p>John Pym is the sort of hero we need these days; a politician who risked his life and liberty to stand up against the abuse of power by a king who believed it was his divine right to rule as he saw fit. And in opposing the arbitrary, expensive, and sometimes destructive acts of his king, John Pym became one of the leaders of the opposition against the crown, whose words and deeds eventually sparked the English Civil War. His actions helped lay the foundations of English parliamentary democracy and governance.* Pym was also one of the authors of the \u2026&#8230;&#8230; click below for more \u2193<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_hide_featured_image":false,"_jetpack_featured_image_duplicate_dismissed":0,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[62,2000,219],"tags":[2080,2078,2081,2079,2082],"class_list":["post-34223","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-world-politics","category-trump-fascism","category-us-international-politics","tag-charles","tag-civil-war","tag-cromwell","tag-england","tag-pym"],"a3_pvc":{"activated":true,"total_views":193,"today_views":1},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ianchadwick.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34223","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ianchadwick.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ianchadwick.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ianchadwick.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ianchadwick.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=34223"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/ianchadwick.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34223\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":34233,"href":"https:\/\/ianchadwick.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34223\/revisions\/34233"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ianchadwick.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=34223"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ianchadwick.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=34223"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ianchadwick.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=34223"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}